Effect of Electric Field on Mu Formation
in Sapphire at High and Low Temperatures


In sapphire (crystalline alumina, Al2O3) at high temperature, muonium is formed within a few ns and the precursor diamagnetic signal is barely detectable. All that remains is a slowly-relaxing diamagnetic component that can be affected by an applied electric field E in the usual way: for positive E (along the original muon momentum direction) the formation of muonium (Mu) at early times is strongly inhibited, increasing the long-lived diamagnetic signal amplitude; whereas negative E (in the opposite direction) is significantly less effective at overcoming the Coulomb attraction between the µ+ and e- polaron. This anisotropy indicates that the radiolysis electrons produced as the muon comes to rest are on average "behind" the µ+ but their spatial distribution overlaps the muon's stopping position.

At low temperature, Mu formation from radiolysis electrons takes place over a longer time and can be observed directly in the decay of the diamagnetic muon precession signal. The rate of formation (presumably governed primarily by the effective mobility of the electronic polaron as it is "sucked in" by the muon's electic field) has an Arrhenius-like temperature dependence with an activation temperature of 140(1)K, suggesting classical "over-barrier" hopping as a diffusion mechanism. A slowly-relaxing diamagnetic signal is also present at low temperature, presumably representing those muons which stop further than one Onsager radius from the last radiolysis electron created in their path.



This was the picture until late 1997, when the electric field dependence of delayed Mu formation was studied in sapphire at low temperature (20K) where both the Fast and Slow relaxing diamagnetic components can be observed independently. As expected, the Slow component is essentially unaffected by E; but the Fast component has a dramatic E-dependence exactly opposite to that of slow-relaxing component at high temperature. If you can figure out why, please drop me a line!


Author: JHB.     Figure created 1997.    
Prepared by Jess H. Brewer
Last modified: Sat Nov 29 12:54:40 EST